as a strategy to enable Ferdinand Marcos to stay in power past the two Presidential terms allowed him under Philippine Constitution of 1935 and. ![]() All of these, regardless of their social position or policy beliefs, subscribed to the interpretation that Marcos declared martial law: Opposition to Marcos' declaration of martial law ran the whole gamut of Philippine society – ranging from impoverished peasants whom the administration tried to chase out of their homes to the Philippines' political old-guard, whom Marcos had tried to displace from power to academics and economists who disagreed with the specifics of Marcos' martial law policies. Dissenting perspectives Political mainstream The third rationalization arose from the administration's propaganda, which portrayed Marcos as a hypermasculine or ultranationalist figure able to compel the obedience of supposedly "spoiled" Filipinos. The first two justifications were explicitly stated in Proclamation 1081, which cited two explicit justifications: "to save the republic" (from various plots) and "to reform society" (after the failure of American-style democracy).
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